 | MacDuff: Stands Scotland where it did? Ross: Alas, poor country! Almost afraid to know itself. It cannot be call'd our mother, but our grave... From William Shakespeare's Scottish Play. |  |
| MacDuff: Stands Scotland where it did? Ross: Alas, poor country! Almost afraid to know itself. It cannot be call'd our mother, but our grave... From William Shakespeare's Scottish Play. | |
The remains of St Columba are removed from Iona due to the Norse threat.
Norse leader Olaf "the White" attacks Dublin from Orkney.
Olaf "the White" defeats the Hebridean Norse led by Ketil Flanose, King of the Hebrides.
Death of King Kenneth MacAlpin of Scots at Iona. He was the first king of a united Scotland. He is succeeded by his brother Donald I.
Death of King Donald of the Picts & Scots. He is succeeded by his nephew Constantine I.
Olaf "the White "Norse King of Dublin, raids the north of Scotland.
Olaf "the White", Norse King of Dublin, captures Dumbarton Rock, the capital of the Kingdom of Strathclyde, after a four month seige involving 200 longboats. Artgal, King of Strathclyde escapes before the fortress is captured.
Artgal, King of Strathclyde is killed on the orders of King Constantine I of Scots.
The Scots army under Constantine I suffers a heavy defeat by Halfdan's Vikings near Dollar.
After the death of Halfdan the Norseman, his army defeats the Scots and kill King Constantine I at a battle in Fife. Constanine I is succeeded by his brother Aedh.
King Aedh is killed at 'Nrurim' by his successor Giric who is said to have ruled with Eochaid, son of Run, King of Strathclyde.
King Giric is killed in battle at Dundurn in Tayside by Donald II, the son of Constantine I.
Eochaid, King of Strathcyde is exiled by King Donald II of Scots who annexes Starthclyde.
Eochaid, ex King of Strathclyde is allowed to settle in Gwynedd by King Anarawd.
King Constantine II, the son of Aedh, succeeds as King of Scots. He is consecrated at a ceremony at the Moot Hill at Scone which includes seating the King on the Stone of Destiny.
Battle of Starthearn. The Scots army, led by King Constantine II, defeat the Dublin Norse and kill their King, Ivar II.
King Constantine II of Scots agrees to enforce church laws in partnership with Cellach, Bishop of St Andrews.
King Constantine II of Scots defeats the Norse under Ragnald at Corbridge in Northumbria.
King Constantine II of Scots and King Owen of Strathcldye agreed a peace treaty with King Athelstan of Wessex.
Scots and Irish Norse ally against King Athelstan of Wessex. Olfar, son of Guthfrith the Norse King of Dublin, marries the daughter of King Constantine II of Scots.
King Athelstan of Wessex invades Scotland and gets as far as Dunnottar.
Battle of Brunanburh. King Constantine II of Scots, King Owain of Strathclyde and King Olaf III of Dublin are defeated by King Athelstan of England and his brother Edmund, later Edmund I of England. Five kings and seven earls from Ireland and the son of King Constantine of Scots weresai to have been salin in the battle.
King Constantine II, aged at least 64, abdicates after 43 years as King of Scots and retires to a monastary. He is succeeded by his cousin Malcolm I.
King Malcolm I of Scots makes peace with Edmund, King of Wessex and obtains overlordship of the Kingdom of Cumbria.
King Malcolm I of Scots invades England but is defeated by Edred, King of Wessex.
Death of ex-King Constantine II of Scots, aged at least 73, at Saint Andrews.
King Malcolm I of Scots is murdered near Kincardine in the Mearns by the people of Moray, whose territory he annexed. He is succeeded by his cousin Indulf, son of Constantine II.
King Indulf of Scots wins Edinburgh and Lothian from the Norse.
King Indulf of Scots is killed in battle by the Danes near Cullen. Indulf is succeeded by Dubh, King of Strathclyde, the son of King Malcolm I of Scots.
King Dubh (or Duff) is killed, and his body is found in a ditch near Kinross, after being kidnapped, allegedly by supporters of Cuilen, son of Indulf, who succeeds him. Duff's descendants fail to regain the throne but become the mormaers and later earls of Fife until 1371.
King Cuilen and his brother Eochaid are brunt to death in a hall in Lothian by Ridererch (or Amdarch), King of Strathclyde. It is alleged that Cuilen raped Riderech's daughter. Cuilen is succeeded by Kenneth II, brother of King Dubh.
Norse raiders kill the Abbot of Iona and 15 monks.
Conference of British kings in Chester. Those attending include Kenneth II of Scots, King Edgar of England, King Malcolm of Cumbria, Maccus of the Western Isles, King Dunmail of Strathclyde, Iago of Gwyned and Hywel. The English recognise Scots rule over Lothian and the Scots English influence over the northern Northumbrian province of Bernicia.
A Scots force led into the northern Northumbrian territory of Bernicia, by King Kenneth II is defeated by Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria.
King Kenneth II is reputedely killed in Fettercairn bya statue booby-trapped by Finvela, the daughter of the mormaer of Angus. He is succeeded by Constantine III, son of Cuilen. Kenneth wished to replace the system of tanistry with that of primogeniture.
King Constantine III is killed near Scone. He is the last king of the line of Aedh and is succeeded by Kenneth III, the son of Dubh.
King Kenneth III and his son Giric are killed in battle at Monzievaird in Strathearn by Malcolm II, the son of King Kenneth I.
Battle of Durham. A Scots army under King Malcolm II is defeated by Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria.
Sigard "the Stout", Earl of Orkney, marries Donada, younger daughter of King Malcolm II of Scots.
Battle of Carham. King Malcolm II of Scots defeats Uhtred, Earl of Northumberland. Owen "the bald", King of Cumbria, a kingdom under Scots overlordship, dies in the battle. Malcolm's grandson Duncan, the future King Duncan I of Scots, is appointed King of Strathclyde in his place. Uhtred is later assassinated by one of his nobles, apparantly under orders from King Knu, who appoints Eirik of Hlathir as Earl of Northumbria.
King Knut of Denmark and England invades the northern Northumbrian territory of Bernicia.
Death of King Malcolm II of Scots. He is succeeded by his grandson Duncan, King of Strathclyde, rather than the expected tainist another grandson, MacBeth, Mormaor of Moray.
King Duncan I of Scots attacks Durham but fails to retake the town.
Battle of Elgin. King Duncan invades Moray in an attempt to kill MacBeth, Mormaor of Moray. Duncan I is slain by MacBeth who is appointed High King of Scots.
A rebellion against King MacBeth by Crinan, lay Abbot of Dunkeld and Mormaor of Atholl, the father of King Duncan I, is cushed and Crinan is slain.
King MacBeth makes a pilgrimage to Rome, meets Pope Leo IX and impresses the citizens of Rome with his generosity.
King MacBeth is defeated in battle by Siward, Earl of Northumbria, and loses control of Lothian and Strthclyde to malcom Canmore, nephew of Siward and son of King Duncan of Scots.
King MacBeth is slain by Malcolm Canmore, son of Duncan I. He is succeeded by his stepson, King Lulach, who is crowned at Scone Abbey. Lulach is the son of Gillecomgain, Mormaer of Moray and Gruoch, granddaughter of King Kenneth III.
King Lulach is slain by Malcolm Canmore, son of King Duncan. Malcolm Canmore becomes King Malcolm III.
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